Firearm.



C. A. NELSON.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION'FILED ocT. 6. 1914.

Patented Dec. 5,1916.

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WITNESSES mona/ Er C. A. NELSON.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. 6, |914.

Patented Dec. 5, 1916.

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illustrating the means for maintainin AFS.

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CHARLES A. NELSON, OF UTICA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO SAVAGE ARMS COMPANY, OF UTICA, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

FIREARM.

Lenceria.

Specification of Letters Patent.

)Patented Dec. 5, 1916.

Application filed October 6, 1914. Serial No. 865,264.

To all whom t may concern Beit known that I, CHARLES A. NELSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Utica, in the county of Oneida and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Firearms, of which the following is a specification.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide an improved means for maintaining assembled certain parts of a gun, such means being so constructed as to facilitate the assembling and disassembling of the parts while insuring their proper relation to each other so long as the disassembling is not purposely begun.

Another object 4of the invention is to provide a gun of the automatic type with an improved means for insuring but a single explosion in response to each pull 4on the trigger.

4Still another object isto lprovide a gun of the automatic type with means to prevent the discharge of the gun excepting the breech be fully closed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the improved gun; Fig. 2 is a right `side elevation of the rear part thereof; Fig. 3 is an underneath plan of the breech-closing member; Fig. 4 is a view of the breech-block portion of said member mainly in longitudinal section; Fig. 5 is a left side view of the rear part of the gun frame; Fig. 6 is a plan of what is shown in Fig. 5, with the near grip plate removed.;` Figs. 7 and 8 are details sembled certain parts of the gun,'Fig. being a side elevation and Fig. 8 a vertical sectional view; Fig. 9 is a plan of the Sear; Figs. 10 to 14 are detail views illustrating the firing mechanism in various positions; and, Figs. 15 to 18, inclusive, are detail views illustrating the manner of removably securing in place the block 15.

1 is the frame having a grip 2 to receive a magazine, and an upstanding abutment 3 carrying the fixed barrel 4. A breech-slide or breech-closing member, including a Vbreech-block 5, formed cylindrical in its forward portion and arched in its rearward portion, and also including a breech-bolt' 6, is suitably guided for forward and back sliding movement on the frame, as by the coengaging ways 7 in the frame and breech-l block, and is normally held to its forward limit-with the breech-bolt abutting the abutment 3-by a spring 8 interposed between said abutment and a shoulder 9 at the forward end of the cylindrical part of the breech-block, which is telescoped over the barrel, it being noted that the breechbolt, although removable downwardly from the breech-block, is held against longitudinal movement therein by the mortise and tenon connection 10. At 11 the breech-bolt is longitudinally bored to receive and permit the striking actionof the iiring pin or striker 12, which is normally impelled forward by the spring 13 having its rear end receiving the fixed pin 14 carried by the rearwardly removable block 15 (held in the frame in the manner to be described), against which the spring abuts; the breechbolt has an underneath longitudinal slot 16 communicating with bore 11 and receiving the lcooking lug 17 of the iiring pin. The spent shells are ejected through an opening 18, on rearward movement of the breechslide, by, the coaction of the extractor 19 and the spring-pressed striker 12, whose striking point then protudes from the front of the breech-bolt against the shell.

QOdesignates the grip plates, each having a vertical tongue and groove connection 21' with the frame, which as at 22 limits its downward movement; having removed the breech-slide, each grip plate-if a certain retaining means therefor to be described is v gated longitudinally of the gun to allow lsome forward and rearw-ard shifting of the sear. The sear has a rearward upstanding lug 2'9, playing in the slot 16 of the breechbolt and adapted to dog the cooking lug 17 of the striker, and a` forward projection 30 beveled on its upper side; the rear end of the Sear is pressed upwardly by the springpressed pin 31 suitably arranged in the frame. The sear is allowed no vertical movement, except pivotally, its trunnions 24 being held down bythe under straight side of the breech-slide. The trigger 32 is fuleruined on the transverse pin 33, having .a longitudinally elongated slot 34 receiving the pin; it plays in a slot 35 at the rear of the trigger gu-ard 36 and, at a point relatively behind its fulcrum 33, it is pressed downward by a spring 37, abutting upwardly against the frame, to a limit afforded by its contact with the trigger guard as shown in Fig. 1. The trigger has a rearward projection `38 beveled on the under.

side and having a purchase on the projection 30. The breech slide has in its under sideat a point therein directly over the sear lug 26 when the breech-slide is in the fully closed position the recess 39; forward of this recess, and, at a point in the breechslide which is directly over the lug 26 at the moment that the firing pin is dogged by the sear when the .breech-slide moves back, is another recess 40 (see Fig. 4).

In view of the foregoing description it will now be apparent that but a single discharge of the gun can follow on each pull of the trigger, and that the gun cannot be fired excepting the breech be fully closed, thus: In the series of Figs. 10 to 14 Fig. 10 shows the trigger, the sear and the shoulder 41 at the forward side of the recess 39 in their normal or rest positions, the gun being cocked. A pull on the trigger brings trigger projection 38 against sear projection 30 (Fig. 1l) and will effect the striker-releasing tilting movement of the sear (Fig. 12) provided the breech-slide is fully closed, and not otherwise, since the breech slide blocks the tilting movement of the Sear unless recess 39 directly registers with lug 26. The striker being released and exploding the cartridge, the breech-slide is driven back, its shoulder 41 impinging the camming surface 27 of lug 26 and thereby backwardly shifting the sear (permitted by the elongation of recesses 28) until sear projection 30 clears the trigger projection 38. This slipofi' uncoupling of the sear with respect to the trigger leaves the sear free to be tilted by spring pin 31 into position to dog the firing pin, which follows when the retreating breech-slide has carried the firing pin sufficiently rearward to be dogged by the sear. Fig. 13 shows the positions of the trigger and sear upon the slip-ofi:1 uncoupling thereof, the operators trigger finger holding the trigger, and the rearwardly moving breech slide (as it wipes over the sear) holding the sear, as shown therein. On the ensuing advance of the breech-slide to close the breech the spring-pressed firing pin shifts forward the sear. whose projection 30 now underlies the projection 38 (Fig. 14) of the trigger, still held retracted as in Fig. 13 by the operators finger. On the trigger now being released it is returned to the position of Fig. 10. The slot 34 in the trigger allows forward and rearward shifting thereof and functions principally in accommodating the return of the trigger to the position shown in Fig. 10, which would not otherwise be possible unless spring 37 were strong enough to effect, through the camming action of the beveled surfaces of projections 30 and 38 on each other, the rearward shifting of the sear at this time-a condition of course undesirable because involving undue resistance being opposed to the retraction of the trigger in firing. The recess 40 permits lug 26 to rise when the sear is tilted in the clogging of the firing pin.

A removable safety device for locking Ythe gun against unintentionalfiring when in place acts to retain the grip plat-es 20 even though the breech-slide be removed; and associated with this device in a manner to be thereby retained in the gun substantially without possibility of unintentional release is a retaining device for the block l5, the removal of which latter permits the breech-bolt, when the breech-slide is full back, to be separated downwardly from the breech-block and the latter and spring 8 thereupon to beV dismounted forwardly. The safety device is a lever hav-- ing a spindle 42 journaled inthe frame and provided at one end with a handle 43 which, in the assembled condition of the gun, is movable from a limit afforded by the left hand grip plate to that afforded by the rear part of the breech block when the latter is in place. In the present instance, this device is illustrated as adapted to block the striker-releasing movement of the sear, whose lug 29 spindle 42 immediately underlies if the 'same is in any position other than that (unsafe) where its handle 43 abuts the grip plate (Fig. 5), in which position a saw cut 44 in the spindle allows the descent of lug 29. The spindle engages in a recess 45 in each grip plate, so that the latter cannot be re'moved except the locking device is first removed; removal of the locking device is possible only when, having removed the breech slide, its handle can be turned rearwardly and upwardly sufficiently to bring a radial stop 46 on its spindle in register with the notch 47 in the frame (Fig. 5). The end of the spindle opposite the handle 43 protrudes and is formed with a circumferential groove 48, which at 48 has greater depth than elsewhere. A spring-pressed lever 49 fulcrumed in block l5 (see dotted outline, Fig. 5) bears on an angular cam 50 formed in the spindle 42 and tends to hold the locking device at either of the limits to which it is turned. The aforesaid retaining device is a pin 51 which passes through registering holes in the frame (see Figs. 1 and 2) and has at the end thereof opposite the handle end of the locking device a handle or lever 52 whose end is recessed, as at 53,

to fit the neck of spindle 42 where the same is reduced by the groove 48. The deep part 4S of groove 48 is at that side of the spindle which adjoins pin 51 when the locking dev-ice is in the abnormal position illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 5, where it stands, as it were, balanced, with lever 49 impinging the apex of the angular cam 50.A

So long as the pin 5l is in the position shown in Fig. 2 or in full lines, Fig. 7, it cannot be removed, because its handle 52 is engagedin the groove 48 of the locking device. To remove it the turning of the locking device to the unusual position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5 is necessary, whereupon the deep part 48 of groove 48 allows the pin to be turned to the position shown in Fig. l5 to clear its lever 52 from the groove and furthermore bring a retaining stud 51 thereon opposite the notch 51.

Block is rendered rearwardly removable in a manner making it unnecessary to remove pin 51 by forming the same with one or more (in the present case, two) depending abutments 54 which take against the pin forward thereof and prevent such removal of the block if the pin is in the position shown in either Fig. 2 or Fig. 7, but which, if the pin is rotated approximately 180 degrees from said position (Fig. 15), register with saw-cuts or recesses 55 in the pin, thus freeing the block for rearward removal.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to Secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A gun having a frame, barrel and breech-closing members one of which is movable on the frame back and forth, a cockable striker, and clogging means for the striker movable to release the same and thereby discharge the gun including an actuating member and an actuated member, the latter having a slip-off engagement with the former and being movable longitudinally of the gun to clear the same and having such movement controlled by the movable one of said first-named members.

2. A gun having a frame, barrel and breech-closing members one of which is movable on the frame back and forth, a cockable striker, and flogging means for the striker movable to release the same and thereby discharge the gun including coupled actuating and actuated members uncouplable on their striker-releasing movement by the movable one of the first-named members, the actuated member being shiftable longitudinally of the gun. l

3. In a striker dogging means for a gun, an actuating member pivoted on a horizontal axis and normally spring pressed downwardly and movable forwardly of the gun relatively to its pivot, and an actuated member normally held in forward position and overlapping the actuating member and movable backwardly to clearthe same, the overlapping portions of said members having means to cam theactuating member forwardly under downward pressure of its spring following compression thereof on the actuated member resuming its forward position following backward movement thereof.

4. A gun having a frame, a barrel, a breech-closing structure 1 movable on the frame back and forth, a cockable striker carried by said structure, and clogging means for the striker arranged in the frame and movable to release the striker and thereby discharge the gun including a tilting sear and a sear tilting member, said sear and member having a slip-off engagement with each other and the sear being shiftable longitudinally of the gun to clear said member andbeing so shifted by the moving breechclosing structure. A

5. A gun having a frame, a barrel, a breech-closing structure movable on `the frame back and forth, a cockable striker carried by said structure, and clogging means for the striker arranged in the frame and movable to release the strikerv and thereby discharge the gun including a tilting longitudinallv shiftable sear and a pivoted longitudinally shiftable trigger having a slip-olf engagement with each other, the sear being rearwardly shiftable by the breech-closing structure to clear the trigger.

6. A gun having a frame, barrel and breech-closing members one of which is movable on the frame back and forth, a cockable striker, and clogging means for the striker movable to release the same and thereby discharge the gun including a tilting longitudinally shiftable sear and an actuating member having a slip-off engagement with each other, said sear and the movable member having portions adapted to catch one on the other in the movement of said member and the catching portion on the sear being movable with the sear into and out of the path of the other catching portion.

7 In combination, a gun having a removable portion, and means for retaining said portion in place including interlocked members retaining each other in the gun and each revoluble therein to a definite position to allow removal of the other.

8. In combination, a gun having a removable portion, and means for retaining said portion in place including interlocked members retaining each other in the gun and each revoluble therein to a definite position to allow removal of the other, one of said members being held out of said position.

9. In combination, a gun having a firing mechanism, a removablev locking device for the firing mechanism revoluble in the gun and a retaining device for the locking device movable in the gun and interlocked with the locking device, said locking device when rotated to a definite position being adapted to release the retaining device.

l0. In combination, agun having a removable portion7 and means for retaining said portion in place including two co-acting members, one being movable to clear said portion and the other normally obstructing such movement, the irst-named member being revoluble to clear the other member but being normally held against revolving by said other member, and said other member being revoluble to clear and allow the rotation of said first-named member.

11. A gun having a frame, barrel and breech-closing structures one of which is movable longitudinally to open and close the breech, a cockable striker, and dogging 2` tion and to move the movable member longil tudinally of the gun to clear the other member on ring of the gun.

In testimony whereof I aHix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES A..NELSON. Witnesses:

IN. Y. GREEN, CARLE'roN L. VVooD. 

